Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Plastic Sergury Essay Example

Plastic Sergury Essay Example Plastic Sergury Essay Plastic Sergury Essay An examination by Psychology Today magazine shows that numerous individuals are not happy with their looks: 60,000,000 don't care for their noses; 30,000,000 don't care for their jawlines; 6,000,000 don't care for their ears and another 6,000,000 don't care for their eyes. Lamentably, with the assistance of corrective medical procedure, society attempts to meet the ideal self-perception. Be that as it may, is it the all inclusive cure? Unquestionably not. In the first place, anyway little the activity may be, there is consistently an opportunity something turns out badly. The numbers are disturbing: in 20% of careful tasks, the patient needs to recuperate from the harm experienced. Albeit genuine dangers, for example, visual deficiency and overwhelming lung issues are somewhat uncommon, less genuine ones ought not be ignored: interminable agony, unfavorably susceptible response, postponed or delayed recuperating, For any situation, restorative medical procedure is a long way from torment free. What's more, likewise, a somewhat enormous number of medical procedures have just fizzled. In other words: the ‘miracle laborer made numerous individuals kick the bucket in light of tasks that were a long way from required. Take the 36-year old housewife, Lorraine Batt, for example. Because of a medical procedure which was endeavor to expel a scar brought about by a cesarean segment, she went to an unfavorable passing. Such disastrous occasions are a solid admonition that our general public must be less appearance-centered. Also, impacts of medical procedure won't last. The restorative medical procedure may make you more youthful for a couple of years, however life goes on and the wrinkles return. It is as unnatural to attempt to have everlasting youth, for what it's worth to restrict the maturing procedure. In addition, silicone inserts must be supplanted inside fifteen years. However the way this infers another medical procedure is frequently overlooked. A shared view to experience this technique is to make oneself increasingly sure, agreeable and more grounded than others. There are, be that as it may, expenses to such changes. The thought that a great many pounds are spent on restorative medical procedure, while a huge number of individuals in creating nations need that cash, is offensive. Is it inconceivable in our advanced world to understand this ‘technical development is in certainty another case of our western self-centeredness and self esteem? Besides, is it option to change the body you are given and change it into ‘something you are definitely not? Everyone is one of a kind and that is the thing that makes life so unique. The outside appearance is simply the portrayal of the inward. Accordingly, radically upgrading your looks causes odd impacts, which was, for instance, the case with Michael Jackson. On the off chance that your character is deficient with regards to, your appearance will endure as well. Subsequently, corrective medical procedure doesn't make you an alternate individual. As magnificent as this bit of present day clinical innovation may sound, restorative medical procedure isn't too favorable and in above all cases, it isn't required. There is no reason for changing a sound body. That is the reason the possibility of the ideal self-perception must be overlooked, and it must be perceived that everybody is a unique individual. nd May 2008 julielai: I propose taking out the fourth section all together. However, ensure your paper is long enough for your task. Maybe explaining more on the passings? Corrective medical procedure: a wonder laborer? An examination by Psychology Today magazine shows that numerous individuals are not happy with their looks: 60,000,000 don't care for their noses; 30,000,000 don't care for their jawlines; 6,000,000 don't care for their ears and another 6,000,000 don't care for their eyes. Lamentably, with the assistance of restorative surgery,â society triesâ (people, not society? to meet the ideal self-perception. In any case, is it the widespread cure? Positively not. In any case, anyway little the activity may be, there is consistently an opportunity something turns out badly. The numbers are disturbing: in 20% of careful activities, the patient needs to recoup from the harm experienced. (This sort of negates the passings you notice later): Typical symptoms includeâ chronic torment, unfavorably susceptible response, postponed or delayed healing,â not to make reference to the agony the patient will feel after the activity. However, the genuine hazard lies in the possiblitity that the medical procedure may fizzle. In other words: the ‘miracle specialist made numerous individuals bite the dust due to activities that were a long way from required. Take the 36-year old housewife, Lorraine Batt, for example. Because of a surgeryâ â to evacuate a scar brought about by a cesarean segment, she went to an inconvenient demise. Such shocking occasions are a solid admonition that our general public must be less appearance-centered. What's more, impacts of medical procedure won't last. The corrective medical procedure may make you more youthful for a couple of years, yet life goes on and the wrinkles return. It is as unnatural to attempt to have endless youth, all things considered to contradict the maturing procedure. Additionally, silicone inserts must be supplanted inside fifteen years. However the way this infers another medical procedure is frequently overlooked. Besides, is it option to change the body you are given and change it into ‘something you are most certainly not? Everyone is one of a kind and that is the thing that makes life so unique. The outside appearance is simply the portrayal of the internal. Hence, definitely updating your looks causes weird impacts, which wasâ the case with Michael Jackson. In the event that your character is inadequate with regards to, your appearance will endure as well. Subsequently, corrective medical procedure doesn't make you an alternate individual. As great as this bit of current clinical innovation may sound, corrective medical procedure isn't too profitable and in above all cases, it isn't required. There is no reason for changing a solid body. That is the reason the possibility of the ideal self-perception must be overlooked, and it must be perceived that everybody is an uncommon person.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Coffee Growers

1. Espresso producers in poor rustic territories are paid almost no for their yield. What techniques are proposed in this clasp for changing that situation?The procedures that are proposed in this clasp for changing this circumstance are for espresso producers to adjust to the reasonable exchange showcase. Under the reasonable exchange advertise espresso cultivators will get the opportunity to a tolerable market cost that will help increment their creation. 2. Since you know something about the â€Å"sociology of coffee† and globalization, will your own utilization propensities change by any means? Clarify why you would change or not your utilization habits.I lean toward not to drink espresso subsequently my utilization won't change. 3. In what ways is the â€Å"coffee-go-round† a case of what Mills called â€Å"public issues† and â€Å"private troubles?†The open issues are espresso producers in poor country region are not paid sensibly for their harvests. The private difficulties are espresso cultivators are caught to sell just coca as a result of the serious markets and costly expenses.1. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological creative mind originates from our capacity to see the association between â€Å"public issues† and â€Å"private troubles.† How does the storyteller of this film make such an association in his life? What are the â€Å"public issues† and the â€Å"private troubles?† The storyteller of this film makes such an association in his life by interfacing his relationship with his sibling through his youth encounters and an awful mishap which made and made a choice for his sibling go to West Point University and become a Black Hawk pilot for the military that subsequently change the narrator’s association among him and his sibling through his adolescence. Presently sending American soldiers to Iraq is an open issue and stressing to need to get notification from an adoration one o r relative doing battle and not returning back to his family and grievously changing his family’s life is a private trouble.Article Questions Article 141. How do the creators characterize â€Å"early adulthood†? How would they clarify the occurrence of delayed early adulthood in the United States? Early adulthood is a period of battle to pick up the aptitudes and qualifications required for a vocation that can bolster the family they wish to begin and a battle to feel in charge of their lives or is when individuals make sense of when they need to do and how best to understand their objectives. The essential explanation behind a delayed early adulthood is that it presently takes any longer to make sure about an all day work that pays enough to help a family.2. Look at figure 2. How are the lives of youngsters in 2000 not quite the same as those in 1960? What do you think represents these distinctions? The lives of youngsters in 2000 are less fruitful finishing the chang e to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. Youthful grown-ups not getting an all day line of work that pays enough to help a family.3. Examine positive and negative impacts of delaying adulthood on child rearing. How would you presume this progressions childrearing rehearses? How does having kids change the professions of moderately aged specialists? The beneficial outcomes of holding on to turn into a parent while in your adulthood are bound to venture out from home, be monetarily autonomous, and finished tutoring. The negative impacts of deferring adulthood on child rearing are not prone to be monetarily free and finishing tutoring. Guardians who delay adulthood on child rearing are probably going to show care and cherishing towards their kids than guardians who are attempting to finish their adulthood. Having kids change the professions of moderately aged Article 591. What is the Gautreaux program in Chicago and how is it takeoff from past approach? The Gautreaux program i n Chicago is an examination out in the open lodging. Such approaches expect that to eliminate the ghetto, improve it, or explode it is successful answer for the issues amassed in it rather Gautreaux program attempt to improve the ways of life and condition around the less unfortunate.2. What is the connection between the â€Å"quality of life† in neighborhoods and their crime percentages (as proposed by crafted by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay)? The connection between the â€Å"quality of life† in neighborhoods and their crime percentages are needed to control the conduct of nearby youth thus conventions of wrongdoing are passed on by neighborhood youth.3. Logan alludes to examines that pre-owned registration information to comprehend varieties in crime percentages among neighborhoods and the segment qualities of their occupants. Why is registration information an important asset for this situation? Would you be able to consider manners by which the utilization of en umeration information in social research may prompt faulty discoveries? Evaluation information is an important asset for this situation since it shows the normal paces of adolescent wrongdoing in Chicago tracts that makes a few neighborhoods hazardous. We can discover essential data about the size of the populace, and its piece by age, sex, race and ethnicity. The utilization of enumeration information in social research may prompt sketchy discoveries as to comprehend what are the causes and issues that every individual face.4. To clarify the conditions in an area, Logan recommend we should respond to two inquiries. What are these inquiries, and how would they contrast from the methodology of most investigations of neighborhood disparities? To start with, what befell these spots to make their conditions? Second, how and for what reason do particular sorts of individuals come to live in places with such issues? The two inquiries are not the same as most investigations of neighborhood imbalances on the grounds that most investigations of neighborhood disparities unequivocally centered around race and instruction. Espresso cultivators Espresso cultivators in poor provincial territories are paid almost no for their harvest. What procedures are proposed in this clasp for changing that situation?The methodologies that are proposed in this clasp for changing this circumstance are for espresso cultivators to adjust to the reasonable exchange advertise. Under the reasonable exchange showcase espresso cultivators will get the opportunity to a better than average market cost that will help increment their creation. 2. Since you know something about the â€Å"sociology of coffee† and globalization, will your own utilization propensities change by any stretch of the imagination? Clarify why you would change or not your utilization habits.I lean toward not to drink espresso subsequently my utilization won't change. 3. In what ways is the â€Å"coffee-go-round† a case of what Mills called â€Å"public issues† and â€Å"private troubles?†The open issues are espresso producers in poor rustic territor y are not paid sensibly for their harvests. The private difficulties are espresso cultivators are caught to sell just coca in view of the serious markets and costly expenses.1. C. Wright Mills said that the sociological creative mind originates from our capacity to see the association between â€Å"public issues† and â€Å"private troubles.† How does the storyteller of this film make such an association in his life? What are the â€Å"public issues† and the â€Å"private troubles?† The storyteller of this film makes such an association in his life by interfacing his relationship with his sibling through his youth encounters and an awful mishap which made and made a choice for his sibling go to West Point University and become a Black Hawk pilot for the military that thus change the narrator’s association among him and his sibling through his childhood.Now sending American soldiers to Iraq is an open issue and stressing to need to get notification f rom an affection one or relative doing battle and not returning back to his family and disastrously changing his family’s life is a private trouble.Article Questions Article 141. How do the creators characterize â€Å"early adulthood†? How would they clarify the occurrence of delayed early adulthood in the United States? Early adulthood is a period of battle to pick up the abilities and certifications required for a vocation that can bolster the family they wish to begin and a battle to feel in charge of their lives or is when individuals make sense of when they need to do and how best to understand their objectives. The essential explanation behind a drawn out early adulthood is that it presently takes any longer to make sure about an all day work that pays enough to help a family.2. Analyze figure 2. How are the lives of youngsters in 2000 not quite the same as those in 1960? What do you think represents these distinctions? The lives of youngsters in 2000 are less fr uitful finishing the change to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. Youthful grown-ups not getting an all day line of work that pays enough to help a family.3. Examine positive and negative impacts of delaying adulthood on child rearing. How would you presume this progressions childrearing rehearses? How does having youngsters change the vocations of moderately aged specialists? The constructive outcomes of holding back to turn into a parent while in your adulthood are bound to venture out from home, be monetarily autonomous, and finished tutoring. The negative impacts of delaying adulthood on child rearing are not prone to be monetarily autonomous and finishing tutoring. Guardians who defer adulthood on child rearing are probably going to show care and cherishing towards their kids than guardians who are attempting to finish their adulthood. Having youngsters change the professions of moderately aged Article 591. What is the Gautreaux program in Chicago and how is it takeof f from past arrangement? The Gautreaux program in Chicago is an investigation openly lodging. Such approaches expect that to terminate the ghetto, improve it, or explode it is successful answer for the issues gathered in it rather Gautreaux program attempt to improve the ways of life and condition around the less unfortunate.2. What is the connection between the â€Å"quality of life† in neighborhoods and their crime percentages (as proposed by crafted by Clifford S

The Business Relationship between Nathan and Frank Essay

The Business Relationship among Nathan and Frank - Essay Example Moral codes try to set principles of reasonable and sensible conduct all through the gracefully chain, or in the mentality towards the worker or client. Application: Application of the law is muddled by the real world, in light of the fact that as the instance of Frank and Nathan appears, a business is commonly comprised of a wide range of people. Good and financial qualities contrast from individual to individual inside a business circumstance. A business is an enormous hierarchical structure, and inside this structure, there might be people who are propelled to carry on deceptively for any number of reasonsâ€here, we are not given Frank’s reasons, however he is obviously backpedaling on his promise and breaking his guarantee about installment, which is unscrupulous. He has his own reasons. A considerable lot of these reasons have to do with the objectives of the person. For instance, if an individual perspectives financial increase as their fundamental reason, they might be happy to set moral issues aside so as to arrive at their objective with greatest productivity, to arrive at their momentary objectives and addition ad vantage. They may not focus on the code of morals by any means, and I think this is something Frank did for the situation. Conclusion: One potential deterrent to a carefully legitimate arrangement is that, in spite of the commonness of logical and afterward panoptic projects all through the twentieth century, debasement has kept on being a solid power in the business scene including café flexibly and administrations. Some portion of this might be routine: a significant part of the join that goes on in this condition is acknowledged as a kind of custom that is essentially innocuous, or â€Å"honest graft.† Issue 1: Frank is unquestionably not indicating proper administration in his lead towards an esteemed client who should get a markdown. Of course, it could likewise be contended that Nathan was not being moral either, on the grounds that he didn't twofold check, get a paper

Friday, August 21, 2020

1984 by George Orwell. Term Paper

1984 by George Orwell. Research project 1984 by George Orwell. Research project 1984 was composed by well known writer George Orwell and distributed in 1949. This specific bit of writing happens in the nation of Oceania which is an authoritarian culture under the â€Å"watch† of Big Brother. The residents of Oceania are viewed at each and every time and Winston (the primary character) is against the mistreatment and control. He wishes to revolt by joining the Brotherhood and oust the legislature and in this excursion, he meets a wonderful lady by the name of Julia, who detests The Party the same amount of as he does and soon, they start a mystery sexual issue (which thought about fragile wrongdoing). Julia and Winston meet a man named O’Brien whom they accept is a piece of the Brotherhood yet is actually part of the internal party. O’Brien â€Å"introduces† Winston into the Brotherhood which is actually a snare that was made arrangements for years. He and Julia are sent to the feared Ministry of Love. Winston and Julia are tormented a nd what they once trusted in is out of nowhere tried, the independence they once had is removed. He can portray a general public where one gets no self-governance and joined the subject that a solid and useful government comprises of physical and mental freedom. Orwell is known for composing books about social equity and restriction against authoritarianism. Another of his mainstream pieces was Animal Farm which exemplified a horse shelter of animals dependent on Stalin’s selling out of the Russian Revolution. There is a clear example in his books. His type of writing originated from his past encounters. He was the child of a British pioneer government employee. Growing up he partook in the Indian Imperial Police, in both the revolutionary party in the 1920’s and communist gathering in the 1930’s. By 1936 Orwell had ventured out to Spain to battle for the Republicans against France’s Nationalists. He fled dreading for his life when the Soviet Union upheld by socialists stifled progressive communists. As a peruser you can totally discover the association between his composition and his life. He was presented to a few well known social issues and in distributing books like 1984 and Animal Farm, it was a route for hi m to apply his experience and contemplations about the occasions into true to life stories portending his opinion of the issue or the future would resemble. Orwell’s tale 1984 is described by fundamental character Winston Smith. There were numerous thoughts all through the book yet it principally portrayed what an administration with an excess of intensity can do to a general public. Through Winston we obviously observed that â€Å"a government with an excessive amount of power is perilous and won't work appropriately for the residents in the event that they don't get physical and mental independence.† The legislature controlled and persecuted people’s lives, choices and even considerations. In Oceania Big Brother was the leader of The Party. The populace was continually reminded â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU.† This filled in as a hindrance for Winston alongside the others to not do, think, or state what they accepted. There was no place, where you were sheltered and liberated from the legislature. Truth be told, the administration was incredible to the point that they had control of even the past. Winston worked in the Ministry of Truth where he got rid of archives of the past or adjusted them into something The Party needed it to be, â€Å"[his] work was to correct the first figures by causing them to concur with later ones.† â€Å"Lies turned into the truth†¦ only once in his life he possessed†¦evidence of a demonstration of falsification.† In restriction to the Party, Winston feels as though he acquires the ability to uncover reality. Government persecution makes him keep on getting rid of the past henceforth, demonstrating us the disappointment he would feel. Having the real truth fit to be uncovered at this point totally shut somewhere near only the idea of being directed constantly and dread of his life. Everybody in Oceania was totally indoctrinated and having no physical documentation of the past was unquestionably not supportive. â€Å"For how might you build up even

Monday, August 3, 2020

4 Unspoken Rules Every College Freshman Should Know

4 Unspoken Rules Every College Freshman Should Know Its fantastic that Illinois is on your radar! But before you enter the social scene on campus, there are some things you should know 1. Don’t brag about your Act / SAT scores. Are you talking to your admissions counselor? Academic advisor? If not, then no need brag about those ACT scores anymore. “What did you get on the ACT?” will definitely not fly as a get-to-know-you kind of question. You’ll come across as nosy, and whoever you’re asking will probably lie anyway. Those standardized test scores are a thing of the past once you get to college 2. Drop the high school sass. It really is a lot cooler to be kindâ€"that’s not just college advice, that’s life advice. Like they say, you catch more flies with honey than you do with vinegar. Maybe you don’t want to be friends with all the flies you see, but still try to treat others the way you’d like to be treated. 3. Don’t say, “I’m from Chicago,” if you’re not. When you tell someone around here that you’re “from Chicago,” the follow-up question is almost always, “Actually Chicago, or the suburbs?”  That’s because at Illinois, Chicago means the literal city, not the whole surrounding area.   If you’re from the suburbs, just say it straight off the bat. When you branch out to other states, then it’s fine to be more broad and say you’re from Chicago, since it’s an easier way to convey where you live to someone unfamiliar with the region.   4. Remember yourself. Basically, this means that you shouldn’t act like you own the universe the minute you get on campus. You’re not too cool for school, especially when college is what’s making you feel cool.There’s no need to act like you’re better than your parents, siblings, or high school friends. Yes, you do have a lot to be proud of, but you also still have a lot to learn. Use this valuable time in college to try to become a better person. It’s a better takeaway than “I was cool, once.” I’m talking about rules and everything, but you’re going to have the best year you can if you strive to do two things: respect yourself and respect others. Everything else will come from there! Good luck! (“Not that you need it, eh, Potter?”) (J.K. Rowling there.) (Alright, good luck!) Kate Class of 2020 I’m a senior here at the university, majoring in English and Math and minoring in Spanish. I’ve lived in Illinois all my life, sharing a room with my sister and many crickets. As the youngest in my family, I’m lucky enough to have my older siblings’ advice and perspective as I make my way through college!

Monday, June 22, 2020

Discussing the Number of Cases a Prosecutor Handles - 825 Words

Criminal Justice: Discussing the Number of Cases a Prosecutor Handles per year and its Consequences (Research Paper Sample) Content: Criminal JusticeName of StudentInstitutional AffiliationNumber of Cases the Average Prosecutor Handles Per Year Compared to the Recommended NumberIn 1968, the department of justice created a national commission to study the problem of excessive caseload a public defender can handle. The commission then came up with a recommendation that the defenders should not handle more than one hundred and fifty felonies or four hundred misdemeanors in any given year. These recommendations were later adopted by criminal justice, academic commentators and the American Bar Association. Despite the endorsed recommendation being far from perfect, majority of people agree to the recommended number as it ensures the defense counsel have adequate time to look into the case they are devoted to. In the United States, there have been more than 2300 offices for prosecutors, although with fewer number of prosecutors handling excessive workloads. (Gershowitz, A. M., Killinger, 2011).Reasons w hy recommendations were madeRecommendation had to be made since so many cases were pending to which prosecutors were handling as they were fewer prosecutors who were handling excessive work load. Also, the rate at which new prosecutors were being appointed was low and it was therefore endangering the ability of criminal justice department to meet the state's obligations of ensuring that fair justice is given to all.Importance of Adequate Support Staff for the Prosecutor OfficeIt is important to have adequate prosecutors to prevent backlogs in our courts. This will prevent defendants who are unable to raise bail from being incarcerated for long as prosecutors shall have time to focus on their case hence speeding up court hearings. This will also prevent overcrowding of jails for defendants waiting for trials hence saving the country money in terms of taxpayer's money. (Lefstein, N,2011)Moreover, adequate prosecutor staff ensures that there is ample time and resources to assess the ca ses well to determine which defendant is guilty and which one is not. This will ensure that innocent victim are not harmed and only the guilty one are punished. This gives the prosecutor the time to hear from the victim and get factual information so that he/she can convict the guilty. (Lefstein, N,2011)Finally, having adequate prosecutors protects the public interests and prevents the general public from harm. This gives time for defenders to acquire enough evidence to prove the defendants guilty who may be of harm to the general public if he/she is released due to lack of enough evidence.Why Little Attention has Been Paid to the Overburdening of ProsecutorsFirst, prosecutors unlike indigent defenders lack publicity and litigation options even if they showed interest in filing a complaint that they were doing excessive workload since they don't have requisite of a controversy and case. Most of the time the prosecutors who have excessive workload are not willing to file a complaint case for fear of victimization by their senior unlike the indigent defenders who have nothing to lose. Most of the time lawyers that are appointed have freedom to file litigation and are prone to play the role of activist through media and the press. (Green,2013)Moreover, there has been academic negligence when it comes to prosecutorial caseloads. There is no academic interest that tries to address this menace. Most academics incline in criminal defendants than prosecutorial caseloads hence making them liberal. (Moore, Sandys, M., Jayadev,2015)Measures that should be taken to address this IssueIt is clear that excessive case load harms the public, victims and defendants and for this reason, overcoming such problem is hard. One of the measures to curb such problem will be to give necessary fund to the criminal justice system. This can only be achieved if the affected public defenders and prosecutors come up with a c...

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Availability Of Legal Representation For Indigent Defendants

Jennifer Villegas Final Paper Fall 2016 CJ 3311: Ethics Dr. Rebecca Pfeffer Availability of Legal Representation for Indigent Defendants The rates of death penalty convictions in the United States are outstanding, and with the growing number of cases going into the criminal justice system for processing and in accordance with the numbers of death penalty convictions, it can become questionable the type of counsel being provided to those defendants who are without sufficient income to afford a lawyer for their defense in a capital case, these defendants are known under the official name of indigent defendants. Questions over the type of counsel that is appointed to indigent defendants have opened due to the high incarceration rates of minorities in the prison system. As society moves into an era where issues start to become a matter of publicity and law reforms, the public starts to become more informed and aware of the differences between having a court-appointed defense attorney versus a hired private defense attorney. The acknowledgment of this issue was mentioned above, because of high rates of minority incarcerations, researchers started to consider the differences between appointed and private defense. In terms of the distinctions between a court-appointed attorney and private attorney, differences start to show within several areas, such as the following; one area includes the fact that private attorneys have the freedom to choose their clients and cases, whileShow MoreRelatedThe Government and Not-For-Profit Environment100975 Words   |  404 Pagesentity least likely to engage? a) Providing educational services. b) Providing health-care services. c) Providing for terrorism defense. d) Retail sales of cookies. 8. Which of the following can be affected by GAAP? a) Legal ability to issue bonds. b) Ability to balance the budget. c) Amount reported as employee pension plan contributions. d) Claims and judgments settled. 9. Which of the following characteristics is unique to a governmental entity? a)Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagespublic health insurance option by Members of Congress. Sec. 331. Reimbursement of Secretary of Veterans Affairs. Subtitle C—Individual Affordability Credits Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. 341. 342. 343. 344. 345. 346. 347. Availability through Health Insurance Exchange. Affordable credit eligible individual. Affordability premium credit. Affordability cost-sharing credit. Income determinations. Special rules for application to territories. No Federal payment for undocumented